![]() ![]() Offshore drilling and production operations and oil spills or leaks from ships or tankers typically contribute less than 8 per cent of the total. It is estimated that approximately 706 million gallons of oil enter the ocean every year, with over half coming from land drainage and waste disposals, such as the improper disposal of used motor oil, gasoline solvents, bunker fuel and diesel fuels. Oil accounts for over half the tonnage of all sea cargo. The number has been increasing with the increasing rate of oil transportation, the ageing of oil tankers, and the size of oil tankers. The production of petroleum products rose from 500 million tons in 1950 to over 2,500 million tons in the mid-1990s, which resulted in massive transportation and associated oil spills. Increased Oil Production And Rise In Oil Spill Accidents Under intense pressure and temperatures for the past 600 million years, these remains changed into complex hydrocarbons called petroleum.Ĭrude oil is a mixture of gas, naphtha, kerosene, light gas, and residuals, which causes hazardous health effects if consumed by any life forms. The worst form of pollution affects the coastal waters, harbours and waterways. Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, the decayed remains of marine mammals and plants that died and drifted to the bottom. These spills contaminate the coasts and estuaries and can cause serious health problems to human beings, not to mention the removal costs. While massive and catastrophic spills receive the most attention, smaller and chronic ones occur regularly. This has resulted in several accidents while transporting the oil to vessels, breaking pipelines, and drilling in the earth’s crust. Because of its uneven distribution, it is transported by ships across the oceans and by pipelines across the lands. Oil is among the most important energy sources in the world. What was the biggest oil spill in history? What is the most effective solution for tackling an oil spill? Who is responsible for handling a marine oil spill? What are the effects of a marine oil spill? ![]() Methods For Cleaning Sea After Oil Spill.Basic training is given to the crew during any oil spill drill:.Health Hazards For Human, Plant And Animal Life.Increased Oil Production And Rise In Oil Spill Accidents.The majority is presented in the working languages. Some content on this site is available in all official languages. The working languages are English, French and Spanish. The official languages of IMO are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Understanding e-navigation furtherĮ-navigation is not a static concept, its development will be ongoing as user requirements evolve and as technology develops.ĭisclaimer: IMO has endeavoured to make the information on this website as accurate as possible but cannot take responsibility for any errors. It is expected to provide digital information and infrastructure for the benefit of maritime safety, security and protection of the marine environment, reducing the administrative burden and increasing the efficiency of maritime trade and transport. "the harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of marine information on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment."Į-navigation is intended to meet present and future user needs of shipping through harmonization of marine navigation systems and supporting shore services. The e-navigation concept is governed by IMO as the organization responsible for establishing mandatory standards for enhancing the safety of life at sea, maritime security and protection of the marine environment, as well as having global remit for shipping. IALA and IHO) and industry representatives. Since then, MSC has been leading and coordinating the work on the development of e-navigation strategy with active participation from relevant IMO Sub‑Committees (COMSAR, NAV 1, STW 2 and FAL), Member States, international organizations (e.g. The concept of e-navigation was brought to the attention of the Organization for the first time at the eighty‑first session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in 2006. ![]()
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